Process Control: Getting the Most from Your Bioreactor
In January 2007, the editors of Bioprocess International addressed bioreactor monitoring, modeling, and simulation, bioreactor control, and PAT in three extensive articles from Christian Julien and William Whitford. In addition, Vendor Voice contributions provided more detail on these topics, including the products and processes involved. This included a paper by the University of Hamburg entitled:

"Development of a sensitive and compact in situ biomass measurement system for controlling and monitoring microbial fermentations using radio-frequency impedance"